Pool Disinfection Equipment

Pool Disinfection Equipment Tips

When the chemical properties of water are optimal and balanced, the pool is crystal clear and odorless, guaranteeing the safety of the swimmers while preventing damage to the mechanical facilities and the pool structure.

Water is, in fact, a universal solvent for both organic matter and minerals. Water, when chemically-balanced, is neither corrosive (acidic) nor produces precipitates (basic).

On the other hand, chemical imbalance promotes the growth of micro-organisms (algae, fungi, and bacteria), changes the smell and color of the water, increases the corrosivity of water, and damages the pool structure and equipment.

Alum, or aluminum sulfate, is a typical flocculant injected into the pool water right before filtration to clump the suspended solids into larger particles that can be easily filtered out. Adding the flocculant to water forms an insoluble, gelatinous precipitate known as floc (or flake).

The organic matter, pigments, and bacteria are trapped in the floc that is then filtered out, producing crystal clear water.

• Notice: The exact time of the alum reaction taking place must be determined; otherwise, the floc may form in the pool, making it cloudy. Therefore, flocculants must be added to the water intake in a way that allows for the floc formation.

The most important chemical attributes of water are

• pH (typically in the 7.4–7.6 range) A low water pH suggests acidity, which irritates swimmer's skin and eyes in addition to damaging the pool structure and equipment. Moreover, chlorine is absorbed faster in acidic water and loses its disinfecting property.
• The basicity of the water (typically in the 80–150 ppm range)
  
  The basicity of the water is another common measure of the chemical properties of water in swimming pools. Maintaining this parameter within an acceptable range prevents severe fluctuations and sudden changes in the pH.
  In any case, the concentration of basic compounds in water must be kept between 80 and 150 ppm for, should it fall below 80 ppm, even at high pH, the added acid is more than enough, whereas, at over 200 ppm, the pH is difficult to adjust within the standard range. Therefore, before adjusting the pH, it is necessary to measure the concentration of the basic compounds in the water.
• Water Hardness (typically in the 200–400 ppm range)
  
  Water hardness is a measure of the mineral (calcium) content of water, the excess of which typically precipitates on the walls and inside the pool water circulation equipment. Water hardness is the most important measure of precipitation in swimming pools and is best dealt with by using ion-exchange resin softeners. It must be also noted that sub-standard water hardness is damaging to the paint, coating, and the concrete structure of the basin.

Specifying the Capacity of the Ion-Exchange Resin Softener in Grains

 Notice: 1 gal = 3.785 lit

• Total Dissolved Solids (below 1000 ppm) TDS is a measure of suspended solids in the water that were not filtered out and often include solid chlorine compounds, grease, and pollutants. The concentration of the particles shall not reach 1000 ppm. The simplest way of reducing TDS in water is to partially drain the pool and refilling it with fresh water.
  
  

Pool Disinfection Equipment

1.Chlorine : in any form (powder, tablet, liquid, or gas), when introduced to water, reacts with hydrogen and oxygen to form hypochlorous and hydrochloric acids that are excellent disinfectants to eliminate harmful bacteria and micro-organisms. The chlorine content of the water has a direct relationship with the pH, and the best conditions for chlorine absorption is when pH is in the 7.2–7.4 range. The amount of chlorine required to disinfect the pool depends on the size and number of water circulation cycles and is calculated as follows:

M (the amount of chlorine in lb—the allowable chlorine concentration limit is between 0.4–0.6 ppm)
= volume of the pool (gal) * the number of times water circulates the system during the day * 8.33 ppm. 

• In case of an outdoor pool, constant solar radiation disintegrates the residual chlorine, necessitating the need for a larger chlorinator.

• Notice: Cut-off valves must be installed both at the inlet and outlet of the chlorinator to prevent water overflow when recharging the linear chlorinator. When the chlorinator inlet valve is closed, water level drops in the chlorinator and the device can be recharged without the need for bleeding out the air.

2.Ozone (O₃) : This is one of the most expensive pool disinfectants but offers much more limited physiological complications than chlorine—such as eye irritation or respiratory difficulties. Ozone is rarely used as a standalone pool disinfectant and is often accompanied by chlorine. Using the chemicals together both reduces chlorine consumption and improves the disinfection.

• Notice: To prevent water from entering the ozone generator, it is best to install the ozone injector above the water level in the pool or hot tub or to use a one-way valve on the Venturi ozone injector.
  
  

3.Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation : UV lamps can be used as another method of sanitizing the pool water, in which water passes a disinfection UV enclosure. Employing UV lamps requires the water to be in circulation. The system on its own is not capable of preventing the growth of algae in the basin and, therefore, is not a suitable pool sanitization approach. This method requires to be accompanied by the use of disinfectants such as chlorine. However, UV illumination can eliminate pathogens—such as Legionella, Pneumophilia, and Pseudomonas Aeroginose—that are resistant to chlorine without changing the chemical or physical attributes of water. Therefore, the UV illumination method cannot contaminate the water by chemicals, allowing the water to keep its natural composition. It must be also noted that the pH does not contribute to disinfection. UV illumination is carried out in a 6–8.5 pH range. The UV set is installed directly on the pipe and, therefore, does not require additional piping and space. The device is easy to maintain, imposes negligible pressure drop, and is safe from mechanical wear.

After all, if you had more questions to decide for buying different types of pool water disinfection equipment, you can contact to DamaTajhiz company and ask your questions from sales consultant of pool, sauna and jacuzzi equipment department through this internal numbers: 103 – 105- 106

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