When the chemical properties of water are optimal and balanced, the pool is crystal clear and odorless, guaranteeing the safety of the swimmers while preventing damage to the mechanical facilities and the pool structure.
Water is, in fact, a universal solvent for both organic matter and minerals. Water, when chemically-balanced, is neither corrosive (acidic) nor produces precipitates (basic).
On the other hand, chemical imbalance promotes the growth of micro-organisms (algae, fungi, and bacteria), changes the smell and color of the water, increases the corrosivity of water, and damages the pool structure and equipment.
Alum, or aluminum sulfate...
When the chemical properties of water are optimal and balanced, the pool is crystal clear and odorless, guaranteeing the safety of the swimmers while preventing damage to the mechanical facilities and the pool structure.
Water is, in fact, a universal solvent for both organic matter and minerals. Water, when chemically-balanced, is neither corrosive (acidic) nor produces precipitates (basic).
On the other hand, chemical imbalance promotes the growth of micro-organisms (algae, fungi, and bacteria), changes the smell and color of the water, increases the corrosivity of water, and damages the pool structure and equipment.
Alum, or aluminum sulfate, is a typical flocculant injected into the pool water right before filtration to clump the suspended solids into larger particles that can be easily filtered out. Adding the flocculant to water forms an insoluble, gelatinous precipitate known as floc (or flake).
The organic matter, pigments, and bacteria are trapped in the floc that is then filtered out, producing crystal clear water.
Notice: 1 gal = 3.785 lit
1.Chlorine : in any form (powder, tablet, liquid, or gas), when introduced to water, reacts with hydrogen and oxygen to form hypochlorous and hydrochloric acids that are excellent disinfectants to eliminate harmful bacteria and micro-organisms. The chlorine content of the water has a direct relationship with the pH, and the best conditions for chlorine absorption is when pH is in the 7.2–7.4 range. The amount of chlorine required to disinfect the pool depends on the size and number of water circulation cycles and is calculated as follows:
M (the amount of chlorine in lb—the allowable chlorine concentration limit is between 0.4–0.6 ppm)
= volume of the pool (gal) * the number of times water circulates the system during the day * 8.33 ppm.
In case of an outdoor pool, constant solar radiation disintegrates the residual chlorine, necessitating the need for a larger chlorinator.
2.Ozone (O3) : This is one of the most expensive pool disinfectants but offers much more limited physiological complications than chlorine—such as eye irritation or respiratory difficulties. Ozone is rarely used as a standalone pool disinfectant and is often accompanied by chlorine. Using the chemicals together both reduces chlorine consumption and improves the disinfection.
3.Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation : UV lamps can be used as another method of sanitizing the pool water, in which water passes a disinfection UV enclosure. Employing UV lamps requires the water to be in circulation. The system on its own is not capable of preventing the growth of algae in the basin and, therefore, is not a suitable pool sanitization approach. This method requires to be accompanied by the use of disinfectants such as chlorine. However, UV illumination can eliminate pathogens—such as Legionella, Pneumophilia, and Pseudomonas Aeroginose—that are resistant to chlorine without changing the chemical or physical attributes of water. Therefore, the UV illumination method cannot contaminate the water by chemicals, allowing the water to keep its natural composition. It must be also noted that the pH does not contribute to disinfection. UV illumination is carried out in a 6–8.5 pH range. The UV set is installed directly on the pipe and, therefore, does not require additional piping and space. The device is easy to maintain, imposes negligible pressure drop, and is safe from mechanical wear.
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