Burners

Burners are one of the most important equipment of the central heating systems, and in order to be able to select the most efficient one, you will need relatively complete technical information. Keep reading this article to learn more about them for wholesale purchase.

Burner Select and Shopping Guide

In general, a burner is a device that converts fossil fuel energy into thermal energy by burning it. The energy generated by the burner in the boiler's combustion chamber is transferred to the energy transfer fluid (water) by displacement and radiation methods.
Burners create heat in all relevant types of boilers, heaters, and heating radiators and are known as the beating heart of the heating systems.

Important Points about the Burner’s Fuel Combustion

The following are four of the most important points about the fuel combustion of a burner:

1. For every 300-meter extra increase in height from the sea level (due to the decrease in air density), the fuel combustion efficiency of all types of burners decreases by about 4%.
2. The calorific value of each cubic meter of natural gas is approximately equivalent to 9200 kcal.
3. The calorific value of each liter of diesel is approximately equivalent to 8500 kcal/h.
4. The calorific value of each kilogram of diesel is approximately equivalent to 10500 kcal/h.

Note: To choose a burner, after determining the type of fuel and its suitable capacity, pay attention to the diameter of the burner's flame tube for the possibility of placing it in the boiler. Do not forget that you can always consult with the experts of DamaTajhiz company about it.

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The Overall Performance of a Burner

Burners consist of a few parts, each with its crucial tasks, which are explained in the following:

• The Fan Burners: In fan burners, the start of operation is based on the temperature setting of the boiler’s thermostat and the burner’s relay command. Then, the burner ventilation fan is turned on for about 30 to 60 seconds and flows fresh air into the combustion chamber.
  
  Next, the burner ignition transformer starts to create a spark. After that, the burner fuel solenoid valve (gas, diesel, or fuel oil) is opened, and the fuel passes through the solenoid valve and enters the combustion chamber. Now, with the air and fuel being mixed, the ignition causes the flame to form.
  
  
• The Photocell: After the formation of the flame, there is no need for ignition or spark, and with the command of the photocell or ion, the function of the ignition transformer is stopped through the relay, and the burner continues to burn until the shutdown command is given.
  
  
• The Electromotor: The electromotor fan type of aeration depends on the capacity of the burner and the electricity type (single-phase or three-phase), although they usually have a rotating speed of 2900 rpm.
  
  
• The Body of the Burner: Usually, the body of most diesel and gas burners is made of cast aluminum, and the parts are usually installed on it.

The schema of the burner mechanism:

According to the technical information and reasonable prices provided for all types of burners in the specialized and reliable collection of DamaTajhiz (as an official member of the heating and air conditioning equipment sellers' union), we sincerely hope that you, while reading the complete technical specifications provided choose DamaTajhiz for buying your required products.

Types of Burners Based on the Fuel Consumption

There are overall 5 types of burners based on the fuel they burn, which are as follows:

1. Gas Burners
2. Light Oil Burners
3. Heave Oil Burners
4. Dual-Fuel Burners
5. Multi-Fuel Burners

The Gas Burner

Gas burners are divided into types: those with a fan (or blowers) and those without one, which makes them completely noiseless, which makes them a great option for apartments.
The gas burner is designed for the combustion of natural gas. The gas first passes through the filter by a gradual electric valve, and the air required for their combustion is provided by a blower installed on the motor shaft.
If the combustion air pressure is lower than a certain limit or the gas pressure is higher or lower than the desired value, it is sensed by the built-in pressure sensors, and the relay command will turn the burner off.
In gas burners, the flow of the incoming air is controlled by the air damper installed in the burner body, which can be either manual or automatic based on the capacity.

Gas Burner Components

The components of a gas burner are as follows:

• Manual shut-off valve
• Gas filter (corresponding to the diameter of the burner gas supply pipe)
• Burner body
• Gas solenoid valve
• spark trans
• Spark electrode
• flame wearer
• Control relay
• Gas and air pressure switch
• Fan and electric motor
• Air adjustment damper (manual or motorized)
• Flame spreader

The Diesel Burner

In diesel burners (great for houses due to their small size), the electric motor is also responsible for the rotation of the shaft of the pump in addition to the function of moving the shaft of the aeration fan. In large burners, an extra electromotor is installed to increase efficiency.

The aeration fan of the diesel burner is a centrifugal fan installed on the shaft of the electric motor with about 2900 rounds per minute.
By starting the engine, the ventilation fan starts spinning and moving the air molecules between its blades. In order to control the amount of air in the fan, an air damper is placed on its suction opening. The adjustment of the incoming air in small burners is controlled manually and in large burners by a servo motor. The amount of air passing through the damper is proportional and increases or decreases with the amount of fuel.

Diesel Burner Components

The components of a Diesel burner are as follows:

• Burner body
• Electro-Motor
• blower (fan or propeller)
• Diesel pump
• Diesel filter
• Diesel solenoid valve
• Coupling
• Diesel Nozzle
• Trans ignition
• Spark electrodes
• Air damper

Note: In high-pressure burners, a diesel pump is installed in a rotary or gear form.

The Mazut Burner

In mazut burners, the process of atomizing the fuel is done by a nozzle that creates these drops with a specific pattern. The atomized fuel must exit the nozzle within a certain angular range, and the distribution of fuel droplets in it must be even and normally in a conical pattern.
If you are using a mazut burner, it is necessary to install a preheater (fuel) in order to prevent the solidification of mazut fuel in cold weather.

How to Calculate the Heat Capacity of Gas, Diesel, and Dual-Fuel Burners

Different calculations can determine the heat capacity of gas and diesel burners used in engine houses. One of the usual methods for calculating the heat capacity of burners is to use the thermal power of the fuel. Thermal power refers to the amount of heat produced by the fuel per unit of time. To calculate the heat capacity of burners, you can use the following formula:

QBurner=QBoiler×SFQBurner=QBoiler×SF

Important Points:

• QBurner: Indicates the thermal capacity of the engine room burner in kilocalories per hour.
• QBoiler: The capacity of the engine room hot water boiler is in kilocalories per hour.
• SFSF: Reliability coefficient or depreciation coefficient, which is considered between 10% and 20% higher than the nominal heating capacity of the boiler or heater. Usually, a factor of 20% is appropriate.

After calculating the capacity of the burner (QBurner) using the above formula, you can choose a suitable model of the burner from the DamaTajhiz HVAC.

How to Calculate Burner Fuel Consumption

The following formula is used to calculate the fuel consumption of the burner:

m=QFuel/QBurner

Important Points:

• m represents the flow rate of fuel consumption in liters per hour (Lit/hr).
• QBurner displays the heat capacity of the burner in kilocalories per hour (Kcal/hr).
• QFuel represents the heat capacity of the fuel (such as diesel or natural gas). For diesel, it is usually in the range of 9200 to 9700 kcal/liter, and for natural gas, it is about 8600 kcal/m3.
• Burner efficiency depends on several factors, including air density. Burner efficiency is usually determined based on the manufacturer's catalog and decreases with increasing altitude. Normally, with every 300 meters of altitude increase, the combustion efficiency of all types of fuels (gas, diesel, fuel oil, gasoline, etc.) decreases by about 4%.

How to Choose the Right Burner

Manufacturers of burners usually provide the thermal power of each burner in tables that include the minimum and maximum thermal power of the burners. Paying attention to these numbers is very important in choosing the right burner for specific needs.

The important parameters that are considered for choosing and calculating the right burner in boilers and heaters are:

• Type of Fuel: The type of fuel used (such as diesel or natural gas) plays an important role in choosing a burner. The calorific value of fuel and its characteristics can have a great impact on fuel consumption and burner capacity.
  
  
• Altitude: Altitude has a direct effect on combustion efficiency and choosing the right burner. Higher altitude reduces air density and reduces oxygen in the air, which itself leads to a reduction in burner combustion efficiency.
  
  
• Device Efficiency: The efficiency of the thermal device (boiler or furnace) is determined according to the height above sea level. This parameter indicates the efficiency of the device in converting fuel into heat. At high altitudes, combustion efficiency generally decreases due to the decrease in air density.
  
  
• Type of Combustion Chamber: Type of boiler (cast iron or steel), dimensions of the combustion chamber, and other characteristics that have a direct impact on the choice of burner.
  
  
• Boiler Capacity: The thermal capacity of the boiler or furnace, which represents the ability of the boiler to produce heat in kilocalories per hour (Kcal/hr). This parameter is considered one of the most important criteria in choosing a burner.
  
  
• Confidence Interval: This coefficient is usually between 10% and 20% more than the heating capacity of the boiler or heater and is added to the burner capacity.

Also, in the selection and calculation of the burner, the use of special software for facility engineering can help the accuracy and efficiency of the calculations.

The Mechanism of Liquid-Fuel Burners

First, the liquid fuel is atomized by the pressure of the pump, which is selected according to the capacity of the burner so that its combustion can be done efficiently. The atomized fuel is then sprayed by a nozzle mixed with air and then ignited. Remember that the igniter must be removed from the combustion chamber after it is on fire. It is necessary to atomize the liquid fuel before combustion because most fuels are not easily ignited in a liquid state due to their low octane number.

For example, if we put a lighted match into a combustion chamber containing diesel, the flame will quickly go out. Therefore, in order to burn such fuels, it is necessary to convert them from the liquid into powder. Atomizing the fuel increases its contact surface with oxygen in the air, making it easier to combust.
The flow rate of 1 gallon of diesel fuel at a working pressure of 7 bar can be converted into more than 50 billion drops of oil per hour using a nozzle. The size of these drops varies from 0.0002 to 0.01 inches.
Through this process, the contact surface of the fluid increases about 3800 times. If the atomization is incomplete, the size of the droplets will be too large, and these particles will be incompletely ignited and come out of the flame in a semi-burnt form.

This problem is sometimes seen in the form of fire particles being thrown into the flame of some diesel burners, and it only causes incomplete combustion, therefore, low efficiency, as well as the formation of deposits in the boiler's combustion chamber.

Liquid-Fuel Burners Main Groups

There 4 main groups of liquid-fuel burners, which are as follows:

1. Pressure jet
2. Rotary cup
3. Air/stem-atomized
4. Low-pressure air atomizing

Burner Liquid-Fuel Nozzles Performance

The fuel injection in pressure jet burners is done by a small and delicate part called a nozzle. Nozzles have different types in terms of fuel flow rate, fuel injection shape, and injection angle. The diesel pump directs the pressured fuel into the nozzle. When the fuel exits the nozzle orifice, under the influence of centrifugal force, it moves away from the nozzle center and moves as a thin layer at high speed.
Nozzles are classified into three main types in terms of spray pattern. The choice of the nozzle in terms of the fuel distribution angle and its pattern depends on the dimensions of the combustion chamber and the design of the burner. The fuel injection angle in the nozzle is divided into 6 standard angles of 30, 45, 60, 70, 80, and 90.

Fuel & Air Adjustment

The complete combustion of fuel is the result of precise adjustment of the fuel and air ratio. The more accurate this ratio is, the higher the combustion efficiency and, as a result, less fuel is needed.
In small burners, the adjustment of the air required for combustion is made by a manual damper, but in large burners, this adjustment is made with the help of an automatic damper.
The air damper must be reset every season by a professional operator. However, modern burners are equipped with a smart PLC control system that automatically adjusts the ratio between fuel and air.

Dual/Triad-Fuel Burners

When the function of the burner takes more than one type of fuel, it is called a multi-fuel burner.
Dual-fuel burners usually work with gas and diesel, and if the device is also compatible with Mazut, it is called a triad-fuel burner.
Therefore, the triad-fuel burners, which must have a mazut preheater like the mazut-fuel burners, can work with all three types of gas, diesel, and mazut.

Buying a Single/Multi Fuel Burner

In order to buy the most efficient burner for your boiler, you must first determine the type of fuel, capacity, and then the diameter of the burner flame tube, the brand, and then the model of the required burner.

On the website of Damatajhiz HVAC, the technical information of dozens of burners from reputed brands, along with their OG guarantee, has been presented for you to enjoy the good feeling of optimal and smart shopping.

Also note that in the specialized HVAC group of Damatajhiz, all the fuel burners are only sold in bulk. Therefore, if you want to wholesale any of these products, feel free to contact us.

Note: When buying a burner, you should consider the capacity of the burner to be about 20% more than the capacity of the corresponding boiler due to the incomplete fuel combustion efficiency in burners and the heat loss.

The Price of the Burner

You can browse and examine all types of burners at the best prices only on the website of DamaTajhiz HVAC.
The price of burners varies according to the models and brands available; it should be noted that the prices presented in the DamaTajhiz HVAC are up-to-date, with a generous discount already included. Therefore, the best price for all types of burners is guaranteed for wholesale purchase.

"Buy with confidence and peace of mind."

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In addition to a valid business license from the Heating and Air Conditioning Trade Association, DamaTajhiz's HVAC has an electronic trust symbol. It started its store site in 2013 in the head office of Tehran.

4BTU=1Kcal

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