Swimming Pool Water Cleanliness Requirements

The necessity of swimming pool water cleanliness

For both users of public pools and owners of private pools, disinfecting pool water with the proper equipment is crucial. In addition to extending the useful life of pool equipment including filters, ventilation systems, heat exchangers, and pool purification pumps, the chemical balance in the water of the pool can preserve swimmers' health.
The pool water becomes hazy during disinfection because germs and microorganisms are also removed. The absence of algae and moss in the pool is also attributable to the extensive disinfection of the pool water. We must reiterate that in accordance with "special norms" and "special standards," the water in swimming pools must be disinfected.
Implementing regulations and standards for disinfecting pool water is necessary to ensure that the water is truly clean.
The cleanliness of the pool water is not directly proportional to how transparent it is, and even while the water may seem pure, it may be contaminated and thus increase the risk of infectious diseases spreading to people through their skin.
The ideal strategy to maintain private and public pools are to "prevent" these problems from occurring, but if they do, there are still enough resources available to clean the pool. In-home swimming pools frequently have viral contamination. Some viruses can infect pool users by swiftly growing in moist areas.
In both private and public pools, it is crucial to keep an eye on and stop the spread of these diseases since, if users do not practise good hygiene and apply disinfectants, it might result in a major catastrophe for them.

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Viruses in pool water

More than 600 viruses have been identified in water, many of which are mutagenic or carcinogenic. Some of these viruses lead to respiratory diseases and bladder infections, but the most common viruses known to be found in pool water are warts and herpes. These two viruses are highly dependent on water and humidity for growth and transmission, and these conditions are well established in swimming pools if disinfectants are not used.
Viruses of warts and herpes have not been definitively treated until today, and if infected, they always remain in the body. Using disinfectants in swimming pool water helps to prevent people from getting involved with these viruses. Some people may refuse to use pool water disinfectants with the mindset of ensuring the health of their family members, but we must be aware that some viruses can only be seen with devices such as a microscope.
Herpes virus and warts are among the viruses that are not easily diagnosed and the infected person may not have any symptoms only testing can be sure of the certainty of these viruses. Disinfectants, which we will learn about later, can fundamentally destroy these viruses and destroy the virus by penetrating their main and living tissues.

What are pool water disinfectants?

Public pools are usually disinfected by gas chlorine or sodium hypochlorite and cartridge filters, and home pools are disinfected using approved chlorine.

What is chlorine powder?
Calcium-based chlorine powder is a white substance that is used to clean vegetables, fruits, toilets, swimming pools, and polluted environments. Chlorine with a purity of 65 to 70% is available in domestic markets.

Types of chlorine
There are different types of chlorine, including:

Chlorine is based on calcium (calcium hypochlorite)
Chlorine with sodium base (sodium hypochlorite)
Chlorine Gas

The amount of chlorine (disinfectants) injected into the water

When chlorine is added to the water for disinfection, it must be based on defined standards, because it may not be "sufficient" to harm the health of swimmers.

There are criteria for evaluating the permissible amount of disinfectants in swimming pool water

The amount of free chlorine or residual chlorine
Redox level (ORP)

The process of adding chlorine to water

Immediately after chlorine is added to the water, chlorine reacts with the organic compounds of the water (bacteria) and until all the organic substances of the water are oxidized, no chlorine can be measured. After the process of adding chlorine to the water, only free chlorine remains and this indicates that more chlorine should not be added to the water and that the amount of chlorine added is enough to disinfect the pool water.
The amount of free residual chlorine allowed in swimming pool water is usually between 1 and 10 milligrams per litre (PPM). The amount of free chlorine remaining in the pool water can be measured manually by standard kits or the DPD method. Free chlorine includes hypochlorite (OCI) and hydrochloric acid (HCI) ions, which are regulated according to local laws and regulations specified by the government and local health and environmental departments.
If free chlorine appears and chlorine is injected into the pool water, when all the organic compounds are oxidized, the remaining chlorine reacts with the ammonia in the pool water, which is caused by sweat and urine, and chloramines are formed. The presence of chloramines in the pool water irritates the swimmer's eyes, and the unpleasant smell that can be felt from the chlorine in the pool water is also due to the presence of chloramines.

The reason for the formation of sediment on the walls of the pool is the excessive use of chlorine. Other disadvantages of high chlorine content in swimming pool water, if we want to mention them, it is as follows:

Cloudiness of pool water and lack of transparency
Destruction of internal equipment
burning eyes
Dry skin and hair loss
Loss of metal equipment seals
The permissible range of chloramine in pool water is less than 0.2 mg/litre (PPM).

Oxidation Reduction Potential

The redox level (ORP) of pool water means measuring the ability of chlorine to oxidize or remove bacteria and algae in pool water. This criterion is mainly measured in swimming pools that use chlorine or chlorine dioxide to disinfect the pool water.
In fact, it should be said that the lifespan of bacteria in pool water has a direct relationship with the value of ORP or redox. The measurement and impact of redox on pool water are analyzed based on whether it is positive or negative, in such a way that if the redox level (ORP) is positive, the conditions indicate this issue; Pool water has the ability to oxidize organic substances and quickly destroy microorganisms.
Next, if the redox level (ORP) becomes negative, the condition indicates that the water in the pool needs more potential for oxidation and the disinfection of the pool water is not done completely.

The method of measuring the amount of redox (ORP) in pool water

Measuring the redox level (ORP) of pool water is usually done from a small sample of pool water next to the disinfectant injection system by an electrode, sensor, or redox probe. The redox probe measures the redox level (ORP) according to the electron activity (speed of electron transfer) in the pool water based on millivolts (MV). Redox probes (ORP) are usually considered part of an automatic pool water disinfectant injection system. These systems turn on and off chlorine injection pumps by sending a signal to a controller.
According to the standard of the American Health Organization, the minimum redox level (ORP) should be 650 millivolts to properly disinfect the pool water. But the ideal redox limit for normal swimming pools is more than 750 mV. The ORP level of pool water is a function of PH.
If the pH level of the pool water is within the permissible range, i.e. between 7.2 and 7.8, and the redox level of the pool water is still less than 700 millivolts, hypochlorite (OCI) ion or other disinfectants should be added to the pool water.
ORP probes can have two outputs, which are usually used for automatic control systems of disinfectants in public places such as hotels, schools, etc. The reason for this is that it can be used for both primary disinfection agents such as chlorine salt generators and secondary disinfectants such as liquid chlorine for quick response in case of an increase in swimmers.
The second sensor in dual redox probes can also be used as a backup (second injection pump and tank) for liquid disinfection systems.

The difference between pH and redox and their adjustment

PH and ORP have the opposite function, in that when the pH of the pool water increases beyond the permissible limit of 7.8, the effectiveness of chlorine also decreases, thus reducing the redox. In automatic chlorine injection systems, two PH and REDOX probes are usually installed in the pool's circulating water path. There are also two dosing pumps for chloride, which are controlled by a special electrical panel for injection management.
If the pH value of the pool water increases, hypochlorous acid is added to the pool water by sending a signal from the PH probe and control panel by the acid injection pump, which reduces the pH within the permissible range. Also, if the redox number in the pool water decreases, liquid chlorine is added to the pool water by sending the signal of the Rx probe and the control board by the chlorine injection pump, which increases the redox (ORP) within the permissible range.

You can also read the article POOL SWEEPER GUIDE for more information.

permitted intervals for injecting chlorine

The amount of chlorine needed to disinfect the pool water and the number of times the pool should be chlorinated in a certain period depending on many factors. The most important of these factors is the amount of use and maintenance of the pool. It is clear that the more a pool is used, the more chemicals are added to the water and the need for pool disinfectants and pool water pH adjustment.
Of course, it should not be forgotten that chlorine has its disadvantages for swimmers, so its use should not be excessive. The standard amount of chlorine required for a typical swimming pool is between 1 and 3 PPM. This amount should be measured with special devices continuously to check the chlorine in the pool water. In situations where chlorine is above or below the permissible limit, its level should be adjusted by adding or subtracting.

The necessity of swimming pool water cleanliness

Conclusion

Considering the current conditions of diseases such as corona and infectious diseases mentioned in this article, which can easily be transmitted to people through the skin, it is more important than ever to follow the points mentioned above. It is necessary to constantly check the number of disinfectants in the pool water and to use disinfection devices in the pool water, in addition to checking the amount of chlorine in the pool water.
People can use advanced devices to disinfect and automatically check the PH and redox levels of water for their comfort and peace of mind so that they can ensure the health of themselves and their family members who use the pool.

Final speech

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