What is a heat pump or a heating pump and how does it work?

A heat pump is one of the air conditioning units that allows the efficiency of systems such as splits, duct splits, VRF, and GHP units to be used in summer and winter. The heat pump function reverses the condensing refrigeration cycle and uses electricity, town gas, solar energy, geothermal energy (GSHP), etc., to cool and heat the desired space.
Heat pump systems often consist of two external and internal parts; the external unit of the heat pump is installed outside the building, often on the roof, and the internal unit is the same internal panel installed inside the building. Finally, the indoor and outdoor units are connected by copper pipes containing refrigerant gas, providing cooling and heating to the desired space.

What are the components of a heat pump?

In general, all types of air conditioning systems equipped with heat pumps, such as split air conditioners, split ducted air conditioners and VRF, consist of two independent units, an indoor unit and an outdoor unit, which include other components such as a compressor, evaporator coils and condenser, expansion valve and reverse valve.

• In heat pump operation, the compressor condenses and reduces the volume of refrigerant gas.
• The expansion valve in the heat pump controls the refrigerant flow rate and causes a rapid drop in pressure and temperature in the air conditioner.
• The reversing valve in the heat pump function reverses (automatically or manually) the refrigerant gas flow in the air conditioning system, allowing it to operate in the opposite direction (from cooling to heating and vice versa). In this way, when switching from the cold season to the hot season, the roles of the condenser and evaporator coils are moved together by the reversing valve.
• The refrigerant gas is responsible for the absorption and removal of heat in the equipment and is the interface between its internal and external units.

How does a heat pump work?

During the hot months of the year and when the air conditioner (such as split, duct split, etc.) is in cooling mode, the refrigerant gas is first transferred to the compressor section where it is condensed. After compressing and reducing the volume of the refrigerant gas, its temperature increases and then the refrigerant gas is transferred to the condenser section at a high temperature. In the condenser part, the refrigerant gas loses its heat and its temperature decreases, then it changes from the gas phase to the liquid phase. At the same time as the refrigerant liquid passes through the expansion valve, its pressure and temperature drop drastically, and in this way the cold refrigerant is directed to the evaporator (internal unit) of the appliance, ready to absorb heat from the hot environment and cool the room.

During the cold seasons, the heat pump heats the room by reversing the cycle and changing the roles of the evaporator and condenser (using the reversing valve).

The advantages of using heat pumps

The following can be mentioned among the advantages of using a heat pump.

• It has the ability to control the heating and cooling system simultaneously.
• No heating equipment is required for the engine room, such as boilers, burners, pipes, valves and fittings, or heating packages.
• It has the ability to provide optimal heating in areas with weather conditions of up to -20 degrees in the cold months of the year.
• Increasing the efficiency of the heating system
• The ability to replace fossil fuels with new energies and reduce environmental damage

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Final Speech

In this article, we have discussed the heat pump, its components, and how it works. We have seen that by equipping cooling systems such as Split, Split Duct, VRF, etc., with a heat pump and by reversing the flow of cold, it is possible to benefit from the heating capacity of the unit; we hope we have provided you with useful information in this article.

To view and compare the types of cooling and heating systems of different brands and capacities, as well as to know the updated price of the products, visit the website of the specialized collection of DamaTajhiz (the first and most reliable specialized collection in the field of equipment for building facilities and all air conditioning devices since 1383 and having 3 valid business licenses) refer to; For more information and advice, contact the experts of the air conditioning unit of the DamaTajhiz HVAC Group during office hours.

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