Guide To Choosing a Burner

As you know, burners are used in central engine rooms of buildings, swimming pools, industries, etc. together with cast iron or steel boilers. Burners are one of the most important types of equipment in central heating systems and are actually the heart of central heating systems in buildings and industries.
Boiler burners are produced and supplied in different types in terms of the type of fuel consumed, capacity, combustion method, flame tube diameter, etc. How and how to choose the right burner is a significant issue. In the following article, you will be provided with sufficient information and a guide to choosing the right and optimal burner by addressing how it works, its advantages, and the types of burners in terms of the type of fuel consumed.

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What is a burner

The burner converts the energy of fossil fuels such as gas, diesel, and fuel oil into thermal energy by creating a mixture between fuel and air, then controlling the combustion and igniting of this mixture. The heat produced by the burner in the combustion chamber of the boiler or heater is transferred to the energy transfer fluid (water) in the central heating system of the relevant building or industry by two methods: displacement and radiation.

Application of burner

Burners, as the heart of heating systems, are responsible for generating heat in a variety of boilers, heaters, heating packages, etc.

How the burner works

By spraying fuel (gas, diesel, fuel oil) and mixing it with air, and then passing this mixture through the diffuser flame, the combustion process is started by the igniter transformer and the required heat is generated inside the combustion chamber of the boiler or furnace.

In each burner and boiler, there are a number of controllers such as relays, photocells, ionizers, and electric valves that control the amount and time of operation of each burner process.

Types of burners in terms of fuel consumption

As mentioned, there are different types of burners in terms of fuel consumption, each of which is briefly described below.

GAS BURNERS

Gas burners are designed to burn natural gas, and the required fuel flow in these burners is controlled by an electric valve after passing through the gas filter. The air required for the combustion of gas burners is provided by a blower installed on the motor shaft, and the airflow rate is controlled manually or by the motor based on the capacity of the air damper installed in the burner body.
The function of fan gas burners (used on central heating engine room boilers) is that the gas flow passes through the gas filter and gradual gas solenoid valves, mixes with air, and is ready for combustion. If the combustion air pressure or gas pressure is higher or lower than the desired value, it is detected by the built-in pressure sensors, and the burner is turned off by the air and gas pressure switches through the relay command. Ignition starts with the creation of an electric arc by the ignitor terrace.
Gas burners are divided into types with fans and without fans (without sound) in terms of performance. The burners used on cast iron or steel boilers for hot water or steam in the central heating engine rooms of buildings and industries are fan-type burners, and the burners used in apartment packages are gas burners without blowers and are silent.

LIGHT OIL BURNERS

The function of small and domestic diesel burners is that, in addition to driving the aeration fan axis, the electric motor is also responsible for rotating the burner diesel pump axis. But in large diesel burners, a separate electric motor is installed to be coupled with the axis and move the diesel pump of the burner.
The aeration fan of diesel (and gas) burners is a centrifugal fan, which is installed on the burner's electric motor axis with a speed of 2900 rpm. With the start of the engine, the aeration fan starts moving and the air molecules start moving between the fan blades. To control the amount of air in the fan, a damper is placed in its suction opening. Adjusting the inlet air in small burners manually, in medium diesel burners (up to 600 thousand kcal) hydraulically (with diesel pump pressure), and in large burners by a servo motor (Servo motor) controlled and the amount of air The passage of the air damper increases and decreases according to the amount of fuel.
After the movement of air in the combustion chamber, first, the igniter terrace creates an electric arc, and then according to the command of the solenoid valve relay, the fuel returns, and when high-pressure diesel enters through the nozzle, combustion takes place. It should be noted that the diesel pump in high-pressure burners should be selected as rotary or gear.

HEAVY OIL BURNERS

In general, in the process of operation of heavy and light oil burners, the nozzle is responsible for pulverizing the fuel and pulverizing the fuel droplets with a specific pattern (depending on the type of nozzle), so that the flow of powdered fuel is within a certain angular range. (According to the spray angle of the respective nozzle) is taken out of the nozzle and the distribution of fuel droplets in it is done uniformly. The most common pattern of this flow is the conical pattern.

Basically, the liquid fuel pulverization process requires energy, which is entered into the system through the fuel pump of the burner with pressure, and then the liquid is quickly converted into powder in the fuel injection nozzles.
In diesel burners, it is absolutely necessary to install a pre-heater (fuel) in order to prevent the solidification of diesel fuel in cold weather.

Dual burner and triple burner (MULTI BURNERS & DUAL BURNERS)

Usually, dual fuel burners operate using gas and diesel fuels. If, in addition to these fuels, the burner has the ability to work with diesel fuel, it is called a triple burner. As a result, triple burners are able to work with all three types of gas, gasoline and mazot fuel. In three-burner burners, it is absolutely necessary to install a liquid fuel preheater.

A guide to choosing a burner in terms of capacity

 Due to the incompleteness of fuel combustion efficiency in burners and considering some heat losses, when choosing a burner, we usually consider the capacity of the burner to be about 20% more than the capacity of the boiler. In addition, to select the burner, after determining the type of fuel and its appropriate capacity, pay attention to the diameter of the burner flame tube to allow it to be placed in the boiler and install the burner on the front door of the boiler.

You can also read the article on how to choose a nozzle for gas oil burners for more information.

Final speech

In order to choose and buy a burner easily, you must first determine the type of fuel (gas, diesel, fuel oil, dual or triple fuel), the required heating capacity, and then the diameter of the flame opening, the brand and model of the burner. On the site of Damatajhiz specialized collection, the technical information of dozens of models of burners, from reputable brands with original warranty, has been presented in order for you, dear ones, to enjoy the good feeling of optimal and smart shopping. To check and choose the burner you need, you can contact the experts of the heating equipment and engine room department in Damatajhiz during office hours.

We are waiting for your call and look forward to meeting you at the DAMATAJHIZ group

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