Steel Radiator

Heating radiators come in steel, panel, and electric types, each used according to their features and the specific environmental conditions. Below, an estimation of capacity, how to choose, and the purchase price of steel, panel, and electric radiators is provided.

Expert Guide for Choosing and Pricing Steel, Panel, and Electric Radiators

In general, one of the oldest heating methods in apartments and residential or office spaces is using various types of heating radiators. The heat from radiators is distributed through heat transfer and air convection in the surrounding area.

After the air near the fins of the heating radiators warms up, the hot air rises and the cold air replaces it, creating continuous air circulation that gradually increases the room temperature. Part of the heating is also carried out by radiation.
The water inside the radiator is heated in the heating package or central heating system (boiler room) using equipment like burners and boilers, and the heated water is pumped to different parts of the building. This hot water enters the radiators and transfers its heat to the environment via convection and radiation.
The most suitable spaces for installing and using steel panel radiators are areas where precise temperature and humidity control is not required, as heating radiators usually cannot adjust room temperature or humidity and slightly reduce relative humidity. (However, today, installing a thermostatic radiator valve allows you to optimally adjust the room temperature while significantly saving energy and costs.)

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Tips before Buying Electric Radiators or Electric Heaters

Buying an electric radiator or electric heater requires attention to several key points to select a product suited to your needs. Below, we review some important factors for purchasing an electric radiator.

1. Determining Heating Power (Device Capacity)

The heating power of an electric radiator is measured in watts (W). The device’s power must match the area and volume of the space you intend to heat.
Usually, for climates like Tehran and middle floors of buildings, about 100 watts of heating power is required per square meter. For example, for a 15 m² room, a radiator with approximately 1500 watts is suitable.

However, since electric radiators are often used as auxiliary or temporary heating in suburban areas, especially villas, attention should be paid to the colder outdoor temperature and the open surroundings of villas, which cause additional cooling indoors.

2. Number of Fins Required for Electric Radiators

The number of fins is one of the most important factors in producing and distributing heat evenly. The more fins, the larger the air contact surface, producing more heat. Electric radiator fins typically range from 5 to 15 or more. More fins are suitable for large rooms, and fewer fins for smaller spaces.

3. Temperature Adjustment (Thermostat) in Electric Radiators

An adjustable thermostat helps set and maintain the desired room temperature accurately. This feature optimizes energy consumption and prevents overheating.

4. Energy Consumption and Efficiency in Electric Radiators

Models with an energy label of A or higher consume less electricity and reduce costs. Some models feature "Eco Mode," which automatically lowers energy consumption.

5. Safety Systems in Electric Radiators

• Overheat protection: automatically turns off the radiator if the temperature rises excessively.

• Automatic shut-off if tipped: prevents fire risk if the radiator falls over.

• Power fluctuation protection: models with this feature turn off automatically during electrical surges.

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6. Weight and Portability of Electric Radiators

If you use the electric radiator in different rooms of a house or office, choose a lightweight model or one with wheels. Some models also have handles for easier mobility.

7. Noise Level in Electric Radiators

For use in bedrooms or offices, choose models that operate silently or with very low fan noise to avoid disturbance in quiet environments.

8. Timer Function in Electric Radiators

An adjustable timer allows you to set the operating hours of the electric radiator. For example, you can program it to turn on before bedtime and off in the morning.

9. Size and Design of Electric Radiators

• The size should match the available space. Smaller radiators are suitable for compact rooms.

• Design is important, especially for main rooms like living rooms. Some models have minimalistic and aesthetic designs that match interior décor.

10. Warranty and Reliable Brands

Choosing reputable brands with valid warranties is essential. Known brands generally offer better quality, performance, and after-sales service.

How to Choose an Electric Heater or Radiator

1. Electric radiator with 5–7 fins is suitable for 6–8 m² rooms with a ceiling height of about 2.8 m in moderate climates.
2. Electric radiator with 7–9 fins is suitable for 8–10 m² rooms with ceiling height of about 2.8 m in moderate climates.
3. Electric radiator with 9–11 fins is suitable for 10–12 m² rooms with ceiling height of about 2.8 m in moderately cold climates.
4. Electric radiator with 11–13 fins is suitable for 12–15 m² rooms with ceiling height of about 2.8 m in climates without harsh winters.

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Panel Radiator Heating Capacity Calculation Formula

QT=[(U1*A1+...+U1*An)∗ΔT+(V*0.0749*0.24* ΔT)]*4

Where:

• QT = Heating load per unit in kcal/h
• U1 to Un = Heat transfer coefficient of each surface between inside and outside (Btu in / (h ft² °F)), determined from engineering reference tables based on wall materials.
• A1 to An = Area of each surrounding surface of the unit transferring heat outside (ft²), including walls, windows, doors, and ceilings.
• ΔT = Temperature difference between inside and outside of the unit in °F.
• V = Total infiltrated air from door or window gaps (CFH) in ft³/hr.
• Constant 0.0749: Air density under standard conditions in English units.
• Constant 0.24: Specific heat capacity of air under standard conditions in English units.

By calculating all parameters in the formula, you can accurately determine the required panel radiator size for each room. Note that precise U and A values for each surrounding surface must be based on the specific building and engineering reference tables.

Stainless Steel Radiators and Their Production Process

The production process of stainless steel radiators does not require complex technical knowledge. It includes common operations in the metal industry such as sheet metal work (cutting, pressing, and forming), welding (resistance welding and oxy-acetylene welding), painting, quality control, and leak testing. The main material used is standard ST12 steel sheets with a thickness of 1.2 mm. During the painting stage, the choice of color, usually gray or cream in electrostatic coating, is determined by the manufacturer or the client.

Types of Steel and Panel Radiators

• The panel type of steel radiators is made of two pressed steel sheets with a thickness of 1/2 mm placed on top of each other, with hot water flowing between them.
• Panel radiators are manufactured as a single convector or double convector (with double width and higher heat output) in blocks of 50, 60, 80, 90, 100, 120, 140, 160, and 200 cm.
• The finned type of steel radiators is made from 1.25 mm thick steel sheets in various sizes, typically 600×200, 500×200, and 300×200 mm, where 200 mm indicates the width of the radiator fins, and 600, 500, 300 indicates the distance from the bottom axis to the top of the radiator in millimeters.
• Finned steel radiators, due to their fin design, can provide good heat output in a relatively small space.

Panel Radiators Pros and Cons

Panel radiators are usually made of steel, and their use has become widespread in most European countries. The use of steel panel radiators, which are part of the stainless steel radiator group, is increasing due to their elegance, aesthetic appeal, and more affordable price compared to other types of radiators.

Features and Benefits of Steel Panel Radiators

The features and benefits of panel radiators include:

1. More uniform heat distribution compared to finned radiators.
2. Wide and even radiation surface with higher radiant heat compared to finned radiators (the higher the share of radiant heat compared to convective heat, the more comfortable it is physiologically for the human body).
3. Elegant design compatible with most interior decoration styles.
4. Integrated installation with good sealing.
5. Ability to install from either side of the radiator block.

Disadvantages of Panel Radiators

Panel radiators also have some disadvantages and limitations:

1. Due to the use of steel, there is a risk of rust or perforation in humid environments over time compared to aluminum radiators.
2. In case of damage or perforation of the radiator body, cost-effective repair is almost impossible (the entire panel must be replaced).
3. It is not possible to increase or decrease the length or heat output of each block of steel or flat panel radiators. (In such cases, a branch from the heating pipes with a separate radiator panel can be used to increase the heat output.)

Tips for Choosing Steel and Panel Radiators

• We usually emphasize precise calculation of building heat loads using software and verification by a qualified engineer to reduce overall purchase and installation costs.
• Radiators should be installed on the cold boundaries of the building (under windows and near exterior walls) to better resist cold infiltration.
• Considering high fuel costs and global warming, using thermostatic radiator valves instead of standard valves is a smart and economical choice, reducing fuel consumption by up to 30% and extending the life of boilers and heating systems.
• Using automatic air vent valves facilitates bleeding the radiator, ensuring complete heating without the risk of water leaks onto furniture.
• Regular and timely bleeding is essential for heating system maintenance. Ensure that proper bleeding is done at the beginning of the winter season with the radiator circulation pump turned off.

Selecting the Installation Location of Steel and Panel Radiators

1. During winter, the radiator transfers heat to the room, but the room temperature often remains stable because some heat is lost through walls and infiltration of cold air.
2. Heat loss occurs in two ways: through the building envelope (ceiling, floor, walls, windows) and through infiltration of cold air from gaps around doors and windows.
3. Using double-glazed UPVC windows and thermostatic radiator valves reduces heat loss and increases energy efficiency.
4. The height of steel radiator blocks after installation on their base is 6 cm higher than the total height of each fin, so consider this when estimating radiator height to avoid interference with windows.
5. Pay attention to the overall dimensions of your chosen panel or stainless steel radiator blocks according to the installation location to avoid interference with windows and electrical outlets.

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Prices of Steel, Panel, and Electric Radiators

In the specialized DamaTajhiz collection, you can view various steel, panel, and electric radiators at the best and updated prices. Prices vary depending on capacity, model, and brand, and include a guarantee of the best prices in DamaTajhiz.

Purchasing Steel, Panel, and Electric Radiators

Due to hot air accumulation near the ceiling, using radiators is suitable only for spaces with ceiling heights up to 3 meters. For higher spaces, heating devices with fans, such as fan coils, fan heaters, or radiant heaters, are recommended.

To select and purchase the appropriate radiator, first determine the required heating capacity. DamaTajhiz provides technical information and capacity calculation for hundreds of models of steel, panel, and electric radiators from reputable brands with original warranty.

Prepared and organized by the Engineering Department, Heating Equipment and Boiler Section, DamaTajhiz

Dear User:

Thank you for trusting the technical opinions of DamaTajhiz sales experts. Please note that the final choice of brand depends on the buyer’s experience, brand strength, service, and price. However, for steel, panel, and electric radiators, most users choose popular brands such as Iran Radiator, Butane, and Lorch based on quality, price, and after-sales services.

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